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Publication - Research and analysis

Low carbon heating in domestic buildings - technical feasibility: technical appendix

Published
22 December 2020
Directorate
Energy and Climate Change Directorate
Topic
Economy, Environment and climate change
ISBN
9781800044944

Technical appendix to accompany the technical feasibility of low carbon heating in domestic buildings report.

View supporting documents Supporting documents

2 Suitability of the most common dwelling archetypes for low-carbon heating technologies

The suitability of 20 of the most common dwelling archetypes for the considered low-carbon heating technologies was also investigated individually.

The selected archetypes include the 19 most populated archetypes, ranking highest in terms of the portion of the stock they represent. Additionally, the 22nd archetype was also considered, as this is the most populated archetype for which the counterfactual heating technology is electric heating.

The characteristics of the 20 selected archetypes are summarised in Table 2. These archetypes are relatively diversified in terms of dwelling type, size, age and insulation characteristics, but their counterfactual heating technology is gas boiler for the majority of them. All archetypes represent together ~700 thousand homes, capturing ~29% of Scotland's housing stock.

The suitability of selected common archetypes for the considered low-carbon heating technologies is summarised in Figure 40 and Figure 41 for 2017 and in Figure 42 and Figure 43 for 2040.

GSHP and high-temperature GSHP are not reported among the outputs, as the analysis of their suitability was performed on the basis of only two characteristics of the stock: the dwelling type and the location in an urban or rural area. While this approximation is sufficiently accurate to depict the suitability of the whole stock for these technologies, it might be inappropriate to accurately assess the suitability of single archetypes.

Table 2: Characteristics of the selected most common archetypes
Archetype ranking Property Type Size Age Wall Insulation Loft Insulation (mm) Counterfactual Space heating demand in 2020 (kWh/yr) Space heating demand in 2040 (kWh/yr) Hot water demand in 2020 and 2040 (kWh/yr) Stock
1 Semi detached Medium 1919 to 1991 CWI More than 250 Gas boiler 10,144 8,383 2,251 111,180
2 Flat (other) Small Pre 1919 SWU None Gas boiler 6,345 3,272 1,426 64,389
3 Flat (other) Medium 1919 to 1991 CWI None Gas boiler 7,134 5,522 1,901 55,533
4 Semi detached Medium 1919 to 1991 CWI 100 to 250 Gas boiler 10,358 8,779 2,298 55,427
5 Flat (other) Small 1919 to 1991 CWI None Gas boiler 5,640 4,272 1,646 47,361
6 Flat (other) Medium Pre 1919 SWU None Gas boiler 9,608 5,747 1,854 45,069
7 Detached Large Post 1991 SWI More than 250 Gas boiler 11,571 10,756 1,671 40,928
8 Terraced Medium 1919 to 1991 CWI More than 250 Gas boiler 9,089 7,028 2,150 37,325
9 Flat (other) Medium 1919 to 1991 CWI More than 250 Gas boiler 6,741 5,896 1,796 26,463
10 Semi detached Medium 1919 to 1991 SWU More than 250 Gas boiler 12,227 7,658 1,943 24,933
11 Semi detached Medium Post 1991 SWI More than 250 Gas boiler 7,041 6,232 1,498 23,031
12 Semi detached Medium 1919 to 1991 CWU exposed More than 250 Gas boiler 12,453 8,876 2,258 21,892
13 Detached Large Pre 1919 SWU Room in roof Oil boiler 26,130 16,148 2,956 20,288
14 Semi detached Medium 1919 to 1991 CWU exposed 100 to 250 Gas boiler 12,512 8,451 2,269 18,976
15 Flat (other) Small 1919 to 1991 CWI More than 250 Gas boiler 5,189 4,411 1,514 18,914
16 Terraced Medium 1919 to 1991 CWI 100 to 250 Gas boiler 9,274 7,134 2,194 18,564
17 Detached Large 1919 to 1991 CWI More than 250 Gas boiler 16,207 13,679 2,369 18,485
18 Flat (other) Medium Post 1991 SWI None Gas boiler 4,245 3,949 1,110 18,241
19 Flat (other) Medium 1919 to 1991 CWU exposed None Gas boiler 9,128 6,594 1,983 17,935
22 Flat (other) Small Pre 1919 SWU None Electric storage 6,321 4,312 1,420 17,245
Figure 40: Suitability of the most common dwelling archetypes for the selected low-carbon heating technologies, considering fuse limit of 80A and peak specific heating demand of 120 W/m 2 in 2017 (1/2)
Bar chart showing percentage suitability for the listed technologies (Air source, high temperature air source and communal air source heat pump; electric storage, electric boiler, biomass boiler, bioLPG boiler, Hydrogen boiler/biomethane injection, hybrid heat pump with gas/hydrogen, hybrid heat pump with bioliquid, hybrid heat pump and resistive, district heating, air source heat pump with solar, electric storage with solar, direct electric with solar and electric boiler with solar) for each housing archetype 1 to 10 as identified in the main technical feasibility report. This bar chart shows suitability at fuse limit 80A and peak specific heat demand of 120 W/m2 in 2017.
Figure 41: Suitability of the most common dwelling archetypes for the selected low-carbon heating technologies, considering fuse limit of 80A and peak specific heating demand of 120 W/m 2 in 2017 (2/2)
Bar chart showing percentage suitability for the listed technologies (Air source, high temperature air source and communal air source heat pumps; electric storage, electric boiler, biomass boiler, bioLPG boiler, Hydrogen boiler/biomethane injection, hybrid heat pump with gas/hydrogen, hybrid heat pump with bioliquid, hybrid heat pump and resistive, district heating, air source heat pump with solar, electric storage with solar, direct electric with solar and electric boiler with solar) for each housing archetype 11 to 19, and archetype 22 as identified in the main technical feasibility report. This bar chart shows suitability at fuse limit 80A and peak specific heat demand of 120 W/m2 in 2017.
Figure 42: Suitability of the most common dwelling archetypes for the selected low-carbon heating technologies, considering fuse limit of 80A and peak specific heating demand of 120 W/m 2 in 2040 (1/2)
Bar chart showing projected percentage suitability for the listed technologies (Air source, high temperature air source and communal air source heat pumps; electric storage, electric boiler, biomass boiler, bioLPG boiler, Hydrogen boiler/biomethane injection, hybrid heat pump with gas/hydrogen, hybrid heat pump with bioliquid, hybrid heat pump and resistive, district heating, air source heat pump with solar, electric storage with solar, direct electric with solar and electric boiler with solar) for each housing archetype 1 to 10 as identified in the main technical feasibility report. This bar chart shows suitability at fuse limit 80A and peak specific heat demand of 120 W/m2 in 2040.
Figure 43: Suitability of the most common dwelling archetypes for the selected low-carbon heating technologies, considering fuse limit of 80A and peak specific heating demand of 120 W/m 2 in 2040 (2/2)
Bar chart showing projected percentage suitability for the listed technologies (Air source, high temperature air source and communal air source heat pumps; electric storage, electric boiler, biomass boiler, bioLPG boiler, Hydrogen boiler/biomethane injection, hybrid heat pump with gas/hydrogen, hybrid heat pump with bioliquid, hybrid heat pump and resistive, district heating, air source heat pump with solar, electric storage with solar, direct electric with solar and electric boiler with solar) for each housing archetype 11 to 19, and archetype 22 as identified in the main technical feasibility report. This bar chart shows suitability at fuse limit 80A and peak specific heat demand of 120 W/m2 in 2040.

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