Understanding extremism in Scotland: evidence review

Footnotes

1. The other studies presented evidence from Australia (4), Canada (2), Germany (2), Slovakia (1), Slovenia (1), Spain (1), Sweden (1) and Switzerland (1). For eight studies, the country of focus was not specified.

2. The CCE is a non-statutory expert committee of the Home Office which was established by the UK Government in 2018.

3. Police Scotland Prevent Referral Data

4. In practice this means in order to consider an incident for inclusion in the GTD, all three of the following attributes must be present: (1) the incident must be intentional, i.e. the result of a conscious calculation on the part of a perpetrator; (2) the incident must entail some level of violence or immediate threat of violence; including property violence as well as violence against people; (3) the perpetrators of the incidents must be subnational actors (meaning the database does not include acts of state terrorism).

5. Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service

6. BBC

7. Counter-extremism Project

8. Police Scotland Prevent Referral Data

9. Home Office Prevent Referral Data

10. There were decreases in total referral numbers in both Scotland and England and Wales during the 2020/21 reporting year, which is likely to have been driven by the effects of the public health restrictions that were in place throughout the year to control the spread of COVID-19, as many sectors were closed or only partially open during periods of lockdown.

11. Based on NRS mid-year Population Estimates Scotland and ONS Population Estimates for England and Wales for each year in question.

12. Percentages do not total 100 due to the exclusion of those who responded 'don't know' or refused to answer.

13. Percentages do not total 100 due to rounding.

14. The mixed, unclear and unstable category reflects instances an ideology includes a combination of elements from multiple ideologies (mixed), shifts between different ideologies (unstable), or where the individual does not present a coherent ideology yet may still pose a terrorism risk (unclear).

15. In Scotland, suitable for Prevent refers to an individual being identified as suitable for the Prevent Multi-Agency Panel (PMAP) process, which involves using a multi-agency approach to assess the nature and extent of an individual's vulnerability and develop an appropriate support plan. This process is called 'Channel' in England and Wales.

16. In 2021/22, the Home Office directly reported the subcategories that were aggregated into mixed, unstable and unclear in previous years to provide a more granular view of types of concern. However, in this report, mixed, unstable and unclear has been used to enable comparisons to be made between the Scotland and England and Wales data.

17. The answer categories shown in the Figure reflect the wording used in the YouGov survey and not official terminology adopted by the Scottish Government.

18. The answer categories shown in the Figure reflect the wording used in the YouGov survey and not official terminology adopted by the Scottish Government.

19. Hope Not Hate