Understanding extremism in Scotland: public perceptions and experiences

Bibliography

Australian Government (2022) Safeguarding Our Community Together Australia's Counter-Terrorism Strategy 2022. Australia: Australian Government. Available at: Safeguarding Our Community Together Australia's Counter-Terrorism Strategy 2022.

Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (2021) "Director-General's Annual Threat Assessment." Available at: Director-General's Annual Threat Assessment | ASIO.

Awan, I & Guru, S (2017) "Parents of foreign "terrorist" fighters in Syria – will they report their young?", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(1):24-42.

Baker, J. O. (2017) "Christian Sectarianism, Fundamentalism, and Extremism." In Routledge Handbook on Deviance, Routledge: 187-198.

BBC News (2022) "Capitol riots timeline: What happened on 6 January 2021?" Available at: Capitol riots timeline: What happened on 6 January 2021? - BBC News.

Berger, J.M. (2018) Extremism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Borum, R. (2011) "Radicalization into violent extremism II: A review of conceptual models and empirical research", Journal of Strategic Security, 4(1):37-62.

Blackwood, L., Hopkins, N., & Reicher, S. (2013) "I know who I am, but who do they think I am? Muslim perspectives on encounters with airport authorities", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(6):1090-1108.

Blackwood, L., Hopkins, N., & Reicher, S. (2015) "'Flying while Muslim': Citizenship and Misrecognition in the Airport", Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 3(2):148-170.

Blackwood, L., Hopkins, N., and Reicher, S. (2016) "From theorizing radicalization to surveillance practices: Muslims in the cross hairs of scrutiny", Political Psychology, 37(5):597-612.

Bonino, S. (2015a) "Visible Muslimness in Scotland: Between Discrimination and Integration", Patterns of Prejudice, 49(4):367-391.

Bonino, S. (2015b) "Scottish Muslims through a Decade of Change: Wounded by the Stigma, Healed by Islam, Rescued by Scotland", Scottish Affairs, 24(1):78-105.

Bonino, S. (2016) "The Jihadi Threat to Scotland: Caledonian Exceptionalism and its Limits", CTC Sentinel, 9(4):27-31.

Bonino, S. (2017) "Muslims in Scotland: The making of community in a post-9/11 world". Edinburgh University Press.

Brooke, N. (2018) "Terrorism and Nationalism in the United Kingdom: The Absence of Noise". Palgrave.

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (2020) "CSIS Public Report 2019." Available at: CSIS Public Report 2019 - Canada.ca.

Cherney, A. & Murphy, K. (2017) "Police and Community Cooperation in Counterterrorism: Evidence and Insights from Australia", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 40(12):1023-103.

Clements, J., Roberts, M. & Forman, D. (2020) "Listening to British Muslims: Policing, Extremism and PREVENT", London: Crest Advisory.

Council of Australian Governments (2015) "Australia's Counter-Terrorism Strategy: Strengthening our Resilience." Available at: Australia's Counter Terrorism Strategy - 2015 (nationalsecurity.gov.au).

Counter-Terrorism Coordination Committee (2019) "Countering Terrorism and Violent Extremism National Strategy Overview." Available at: New Zealand 2019-20 Strategy.

Cottee, S. & Cunliffe, J. (2020) "Watching ISIS: How Young Adults Engage with Official English-Language ISIS Videos", Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 43(3):183-207.

Dresser, P. (2019) ""Trust your instincts–act!" PREVENT police officers' perspectives of counter-radicalisation reporting thresholds", Critical Studies on Terrorism, 12(4):605-628.

Ford, K. (2017) "Developing a Peace Perspective on Counter-Extremist Education", Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice. 29:1144-152.

Fricker, R.D. (2016) 'Sampling Methods for Online Surveys', The SAGE Handbook of Online Research Methods, (2^nd ed.), Sage: 195-215.

Gallagher, T. (1985) "Protestant Extremism in Urban Scotland 1930-1939: Its Growth and Contraction", The Scottish Historical Review, 64(178):143-167.

Gill, P., Clemmow, C., Hetzel, F., Rottweiler, B., Salman, N., Van Der Vegt, I., Marchment, Z., Schumann, S., Zolghadriha, S., Schulten, N., Taylor, H. & Corner, E. (2021). "Systematic Review of Mental Health Problems and Violent Extremism", The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 32(1):51-78.

Glaeser, E. L., & Sunstein, C. R. (2009) "Extremism and social learning", Journal of Legal Analysis, 1(1):263-324.

Global Terrorism Database (2022) University of Maryland. Available at: Global Terrorism Database (umd.edu).

Goodall, K., Hopkins, P., McKerrell, S., Markey, J., Millar, S., Richardson, J., Richardson, M., (2015) "Community Experiences of Sectarianism". Available at: Community Experiences of Sectarianism.

Home Office (2011) "Prevent Strategy". Norwich: TSO. Available at: Prevent Strategy.

Home Office (2015) "Counter-Extremism Strategy". London: HM Government. Available at: Counter-Extremism Strategy.

Home Office (2018) "CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism". UK: HM Government. Available at: CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism.

Home Office (2021a) "Revised Prevent duty guidance: for Scotland". UK: HM Government. Available at: Revised Prevent duty guidance: for Scotland.

Home Office (2021b) Prevent duty guidance: for further education institutions in Scotland. Available at: Prevent duty guidance: for further education institutions in Scotland.

Home Office (2021c) Prevent duty guidance: for higher education institutions in Scotland. Available at: Prevent duty guidance: for higher education institutions in Scotland.

Home Office (2021d) Prevent Multi-Agency Panel Duty Guidance: Protecting people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism. Available at: Prevent Multi-Agency Panel Duty Guidance.

ICM Unlimited (2019) Prevent: Public Knowledge and Interactions: A research report from ICM summarising key findings. Available at: Prevent Survey Findings.

Jerome, L., Elwick, A. & Kazim, R. (2019). "The Impact of the Prevent Duty on Schools: A Review of the Evidence", British Educational Research Journal, 45(4):821-837.

Knight, S. and Keatley, D. (2020) "What do we know about radicalization? A commentary on key issues, findings and a framework for future research for the scientific and applied community", International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 14(2):1-7.

Lander, V. (2016) "Introduction to Fundamental British Values", Journal of Education for Teaching. 42(3):274-279.

Lewis, J. (2018). "Prevent as an Intractable Policy Controversy: Implications and Solutions", Journal for Deradicalization, 15:111-150.

Lewis, J. & Marsden, S. (2020). "Public Experiences of the UK Counter-Terrorism System", Centre for Research and Evidence on Security Threats (CREST).

Marranci, G. (2007) "From the ethos of justice to the ideology of justice: Understanding radical views of Scottish Muslims", Islamic Political Radicalism: A European Perspective: 131-144.

Michalski, J. (2019) "Terrorism and Lethal Moralism in the United States and United Kingdom, 1970-2017", British Journal of Sociology, 70(5):1681-1708.

Morris, A., and Meloy J. (2020) "A Preliminary Report of Psychiatric Diagnoses in a Scottish County Sample of Persons of National Security Concern", Journal of Forensic Sciences, 65(5):1638-1645.

Nasser-Edine, M., Garnham, B., Agostino, K., & Caluya, G. (2011) "Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Literature Review". Available at: Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Literature Review (cve-kenya.org).

Onursal, R. & Kirkpatrick, D. (2019) "Is Extremism the 'New' Terrorism? The Convergence of 'Extremism' and 'Terrorism' in British Parliamentary Discourse", Terrorism and Political Violence, 33(5):1094-1116.

Paterson, J. L., Brown, R., & Walters, M. A. (2019). The Short and Longer Term Impacts of Hate Crimes Experienced Directly, Indirectly, and Through the Media. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45(7): 994–1010.

Redgrave, H., Stott, J. and Tipple, C. (2020) "Countering Extremism: time to reboot?" London: Crest Advisory. Available at: Countering Extremism: time to reboot?

Regehr, K. (2022) 'In(cel)doctrination: How technologically facilitated misogyny moves violence off screens and on to streets', New Media and Society, 24(1).

Rozado, D., Al-Gharbi, M., & Halberstadt, J. (2021) "Prevalence of Prejudice-Denoting Words in News Media Discourse: A Chronological Analysis", Social Science Computer Review, DOI: 08944393211031452.

Rozado, D., & Kaufmann, E. (2022) "The increasing frequency of terms denoting political extremism in US and UK news media", Social Sciences, 11(4):167.

Richardson, R., (2015) "British values and British identity: Muddles, mixtures and ways ahead", London Review of Education 13(2):37-48.

Sageman, M. (2021) "The implication of terrorism's extremely low base rate", Terrorism and Political Violence, 33(2):302-311.

Schmid, A. P. (2012) "The revised academic consensus definition of terrorism", Perspectives on Terrorism, 6(2).

Scottish Government (2015) "An Examination of the Evidence on Sectarianism in Scotland: 2015 Update". Available at: An Examination Of The Evidence On Sectarianism In Scotland: 2015 Update (www.gov.scot).

Scottish Government (2020) "Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020: Introduction". Available at: Supporting documents - Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020: introduction - gov.scot (www.gov.scot).

Scottish Government (2022) "Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification 2020". Available at: Supporting documents - Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification 2020 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot).

Scottish Government (2023a) "Understanding extremism in Scotland: Stakeholder perceptions and views". Available at: Understanding extremism in Scotland: Stakeholder perceptions and views.

Scottish Government (2023b) "Understanding extremism in Scotland: Public sector practitioner perceptions and experiences". Available at: Understanding extremism in Scotland: Public sector practitioner perceptions and experiences.

Scottish Government (2023c) "Understanding extremism in Scotland: Evidence review". Available at: Understanding extremism in Scotland: Evidence review.

Scottish Government (2023d) "Understanding extremism in Scotland: Review of definitions and terminology". Available at: Understanding extremism in Scotland: Review of definitions and terminology.

Silverman, D. (2021) Qualitative Research (5^th ed.), Sage.

Sotlar, A. (2004) "Some Problems with a Definition and Perception of Extremism within a Society" in Mesko, G. et al. (eds.) Policing in Central and Eastern Europe: Dilemmas of Contemporary Criminal Justice. Slovenia: Faculty of Criminal Justice, University of Maribor.

Spiller, K., Awan, I. and Whiting, A. (2018) "'What does Terrorism look like?': University Lecturers interpretations of their CTSA Duties and tackling Extremism in UK Universities", Critical Studies on Terrorism, 11:130-50.

Swedish Government (2015) "Actions to Make Society More Resilient to Violent Extremism." Stockholm: Swedish Government. Available at: Actions to Make Society More Resilient to Violent Extremism.

Thomas, P., Grossman, M., Miah, S. & Christmann, K. (2017) "Community reporting thresholds: Sharing information with authorities concerning violent extremist activity and involvement in foreign conflict: A UK replication study." Available at: Community Reporting Thresholds.

Vincent, C. (2019). "Tea And the Queen?: Fundamental British Values, Schools and Citizenship" (1st ed.). Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvkwnpmg.

Whiting, A., Campbell, B., Spiller, K., & Awan, I. (2021) "The Prevent Duty in UK higher education: Insights from freedom of information requests", British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 23(3):513-532.

Wilkinson, B. and van Rij, A. (2019) "An analysis of the Commission for Countering Extremism's call for evidence." London: King's College London.

YouGov (2019) "YouGov/The Times Survey Results". Available at: Survey Report (d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net) .

YouGov (2020) "Data Tracker: Has the threat of terrorism increased in the last 5 years?" Available at: Has the threat of terrorism increased in the last 5 years? (yougov.co.uk).

Younis, T. (2021) "The psychologisation of counter-extremism: unpacking PREVENT", Race & Class, 62(3):37-60.