Sea lice management measures for farmed salmon production: research

Research report comparing the socio-economic and environmental cost-effectiveness of sea lice treatment measures used on Scottish salmon farms.


7. References 

Adams, T. P., Proud, R. and Black, K. D. (2015) Connected networks of sea lice populations: Dynamics and implications for control. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 6(3), pp. 273–284. doi: 10.3354/aei00133.

Benedictus, A., Hogeveen, H., and Berends, B. R. (2009). The price of the precautionary principle: cost-effectiveness of BSE intervention strategies in the Netherlands. Prev. Vet. Med. 89: 212-222.

Bergevoet, R. H., van Schaik, G., Veling, J., Backus G. B. and Franken, P. (2009). Economic and epidemiological evaluation of Salmonella control in Dutch dairy herds. Prev.  Vet. Med. 89: 1-7.

BEIS, 2019. Valuation of energy use and greenhouse gas.

Boissy J, Aubin J, Drissi A, van der Werf HMG , Bell GJ , Kaushik SJ. 2011. Environmental impacts of plant-based salmonid diets at feed and farm scales. Aquaculture 321: 61–70

Bui, S., Oppedal, F., Sievers, M., Dempster, T., (2019) ‘Behaviour in the toolbox to outsmart parasites and improve fish welfare in aquaculture’, pp. 168–186. doi: 10.1111/raq.12232.

Costello, M. J. (2006) ‘Ecology of sea lice parasitic on farmed and wild fish’, Trends in Parasitology, 22(10), pp. 475–483. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2006.08.006.

Costello, M. J. (2009) ‘The global economic cost of sea lice to the salmonid farming industry’, Journal of Fish Diseases, 32(1), pp. 115–118. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.01011.x.

ecoinvent 2020. https://www.ecoinvent.org/

Gautam, R., Vanderstichel, R., Boerlage, A.S., Revie, C.W., Hammell, K.L (2017a) ‘Effect of timing of count events on estimates of sea lice abundance and interpretation of effectiveness following bath treatments’, Journal of Fish Diseases, 40(3), pp. 367–375. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12519.

Gautam, R., Vanderstichel, R., Boerlage, A.S., Revie, C.W., Hammell, K.L  (2017b) ‘Evaluating bath treatment effectiveness in the control of sea lice burdens on Atlantic salmon in New Brunswick, Canada’, Journal of Fish Diseases, 40(7), pp. 895–905. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12569.

Iversen, A., Hermansen, Ø., Nystøyl, R. & Hess, E.J. (2017) Kostnadsutvikling i lakseoppdrett. Nofima rapport 24/2017. ISBN: 978-82-8296-522-4 (In Norwegian only)

Jimenez, D. F., Revie, C. W., Hardy, S. P., Jansen, P. A., & Gettinby, G. (2013). Multivariate evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment efficacy of cypermethrin against sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Vet. Res. 9(1), 1.

Lees, F., Baillie, M., Gettinby, G., & Revie, C. W. (2008). Factors associated with changing efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Scottish salmon farms. Journal of Fish Diseases, 31(12), 947–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00969.x.

Lees, F., Baillie, M., Gettinby, G., Revie, C. (2009). Strategic Sea Lice Control. Implementation and Impact within Scottish Tripartite Working Group Area Management Agreements. Final Report. University of Strathclyde.46 pp.

Macaskill, J. (2014) An investigation into the costs of different methods to control sea lice infestations in the Scottish Salmon (Salmo Salar) Farming Industry. MSc thesis, University of Glasgow.

Mangen, M.J.J., de Wit, G. A. and Havelaar, A. H. (2007). Economic analysis of Campylobacter control in the Dutch broiler meat chain. Agribusiness, 23: 173-192

Marine Institute 2007. Veterinary treatments and other substances used in finfish aquaculture in Ireland.

Marine Scotland 2018. Scottish Fish Farm Production Survey 2016

Mowi 2016. https://mowiscotland.co.uk/2016/04/11/new-wellboat-for-marine-harvest-is-a-first-for-scotland/

Mowi 2018. https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/404305/1002327_annex_1.pdf

Murray, A. G. (2015). Increased frequency and changed methods in the treatment of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Scottish salmon farms 2005-2011. Pest Management Science. doi: 10.1002/ps.3996.

Newton RW and Little DC. 2018.  Mapping the impacts of farmed Scottish salmon from a life cycle perspective. Int J Life Cycle Assess 23:1018–1029.

Overton, K., Dempster, T., Oppedal, F., Kristiansen, T.S., Gismervik, K., Stien, L.H., (2018) Salmon lice treatments and salmon mortality in Norwegian aquaculture: a review. Reviews in Aquaculture, pp. 1–20. doi: 10.1111/raq.12299.

Philis G, Ziegler F, Gansel LC, Jansen MD, Gracey EO and Stene A. 2019. Comparing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Salmonid Aquaculture Production Systems: Status and Perspectives. Sustainability 11, 2517; doi:10.3390/su11092517

Powell A, Treasurer JW, Pooley CL, Keay AJ, Lloyd R, Imsland and de Leaniz CG. 2017. Use of lumpfish for sea-lice control in salmon farming: challenges and opportunities. Reviews in Aquaculture xx: xx-xx. doi: 10.1111/raq.12194

Rich K.M., Rich, M., Dizyee, K. 2018. Participatory systems approaches for urban and peri-urban agriculture planning: The role of system dynamics and spatial group model building, Agricultural Systems 160, 110-123

SAIC 2019. Non-medicinal management of fish parasites. Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre workshop, Inverness February 2019 

ScotGov (2019) http://aquaculture.scotland.gov.uk/. Last accessed 2020/03/05

SSPO (2018) https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/scottish-2018-sea-lice-average-is-lowest-for-six-years/. Last accessed 2020/03/05. 

Stien LH, Nilsson J, Hevrøy EM, Oppedal F, Kristiansen TS, Lien AM , Folkedal O. 2012. Skirt around a salmon sea cage to reduce infestation of salmon lice resulted in low oxygen levels. Aquacultural Engineering 51: 21– 25

Tarpaflex 2020. https://www.tarpaflex.co.uk/acatalog/Tarpaflex-Tarpaulins---Size-Guide.html

The Fish Site 2004. https://thefishsite.com/articles/slice-for-the-control-of-sealice

Treasurer, J. W., Grant, A. and Davis, P. J. (2000) Physical constraints of bath treatments of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with a sea lice burden (Copepoda: Caligidae). Contributions to Zoology, 69(1–2), pp. 129–136.

UK Government 2018. GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2018.

Valeeva, N. I., Huirne, R. B. M., Meuwissen, M. P. M. and Oude Lansing A. G. J. M. (2007). Modelling farm-level strategies for improving food safety in the dairy chain. Agri. Syst. 94: 528-540.

Vince F, Aoustin E, Bréant P and Marechal F. 2008. LCA tool for the environmental evaluation of potable water production. Desalination 220: 37–56.

Watanabe K and Tahara K. 2016. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis for a Small-Scale Trawl Fishery in Sendai Bay, Japan. Sustainability 8, 399; doi:10.3390/su8040399.

Whyte, S. K., Jimenez, D., Revie, C. W., & Hammell, K. L. (2016). Multivariate evaluation of the effectiveness of delousing treatment efficacy of azamethiphos (Salmosan®) against the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using wellboat, skirt and tarpaulin treatment modalities. Aquaculture, 450, 301–307. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.08.009.

Wright, D. W., Oppedal, F. and Dempster, T. (2016) Early-stage sea lice recruits on Atlantic salmon are freshwater sensitive. Journal of fish diseases, 39(10), pp. 1179–1186. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12452.

Contact

Email: Peter.Greene@gov.scot

Back to top