Publication - Impact assessment
VULNERABILITY OF SCOTTISH SEABIRDS TO OFFSHORE WIND
The project considers the vulnerability of seabird species to interactions (collision and displacement) with offshore wind farms.
2.4 UK threat status
This factor reflects both threat and conservation status of the species in the UK, as given by Eaton et al. (2009) 'Birds of Conservation Concern 3' (BOCC3). For some species, the classification in BOCC3 differs from that in the previous assessment (BOCC2), and these changes are also taken into account here, given the implications of changes in status. Scores were allocated as follows: 1 (green in BOCC2 and BOCC3), 2 (amber in BOCC2 and green in BOCC3), 3 (green in BOCC2 and amber in BOCC3), 4 (amber in BOCC3 and BOCC2), 5 (red in BOCC3) ( Table 2).
Table 2. Threat status of seabirds based on BOCC2 and BOCC3 classifications
| Species | Scientific name | Classification in BOCC2 | Classification in BOCC3 | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater scaup | Aythya marila | Amber | Red | 5 |
| Common eider | Somateria mollissima | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Long-tailed duck | Clangula hyemalis | Amber | Green | 2 |
| Common scoter | Melanitta nigra | Red | Red | 5 |
| Velvet scoter | Melanitta fusca | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Common goldeneye | Buchephala clangula | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Red-throated diver | Gavia stellata | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Black-throated diver | Gavia arctica | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Great northern diver | Gavia immer | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Great-crested grebe | Podiceps cristatus | Green | Green | 1 |
| Slavonian grebe | Podiceps auritus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Northern fulmar | Fulmarus glacialis | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Sooty shearwater | Puffinus griseus | Green | Amber | 3 |
| Manx shearwater | Puffinus puffinus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| European storm-petrel | Hydrobates pelagicus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Leach's storm-petrel | Oceanodroma leucorhoa | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Northern gannet | Morus bassanus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Great cormorant | Phalacrocorax carbo | Amber | Green | 2 |
| Shag | Phalacrocorax aristotelis | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| White-tailed eagle | Haliaetus albicilla | Red | Red | 5 |
| Arctic skua | Stercorarius parasiticus | Green | Red | 5 |
| Great skua | Stercorarius skua | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Black-headed gull | Larus ridibundus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Common gull | Larus canus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Lesser black-backed gull | Larus fuscus | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Herring gull | Larus argentatus | Amber | Red | 5 |
| Great black-backed gull | Larus marinus | Green | Amber | 3 |
| Black-legged kittiwake | Rissa tridactyla | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Little tern | Sternula albifrons | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Sandwich tern | Sterna sandvicensis | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Common tern | Sterna hirundo | Green | Amber | 3 |
| Roseate tern | Sterna dougallii | Red | Red | 5 |
| Arctic tern | Sterna paradisaea | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Common guillemot | Uria aalge | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Razorbill | Alca torda | Amber | Amber | >4 |
| Black guillemot | Cepphus grylle | Amber | Amber | 4 |
| Little auk | Alle alle | Green | Green | 1 |
| Atlantic puffin | Fratercula arctica | Amber | Amber | 4 |
Table 3. Summary scores (Importance Scores) for status and conservation concern
| Species | Percent of biogeographic population score | Adult survival score | UK threatstatus score | Birds Directive score | Total Importance Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greater scaup | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 11 |
| Common eider | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 13 |
| Long-tailed duck | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Common scoter | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 12 |
| Velvet scoter | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
| Common goldeneye | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| Red-throated diver | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| Black-throated diver | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| Great northern diver | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 18 |
| Great-crested grebe | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Slavonian grebe | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
| Northern fulmar | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Sooty shearwater | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 12 |
| Manx shearwater | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 17 |
| European storm-petrel | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 17 |
| Leach's storm-petrel | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| Northern gannet | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 17 |
| Great cormorant | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
| Shag | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 15 |
| White-tailed eagle | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 12 |
| Arctic skua | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 14 |
| Great skua | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Black-headed gull | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| Common gull | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 13 |
| Lesser black-backed gull | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Herring gull | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 16 |
| Great black-backed gull | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 15 |
| Black-legged kittiwake | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 |
| Little tern | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
| Sandwich tern | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 15 |
| Common tern | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 14 |
| Roseate tern | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
| Arctic tern | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 17 |
| Common guillemot | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Razorbill | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Black guillemot | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 13 |
| Little auk | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 9 |
| Atlantic puffin | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
Table 4. Species rankings based on conservation importance score
| Species | Percent of biogeographic population score | Adult survival score | UK threat status score | Birds Directive score | Total Importance Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Great northern diver | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 18 |
| Northern gannet | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 17 |
| Manx shearwater | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 17 |
| European storm-petrel | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 17 |
| Arctic tern | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 17 |
| Lesser black-backed gull | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Great skua | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Black-throated diver | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| Red-throated diver | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| Razorbill | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Atlantic puffin | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Northern fulmar | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Common guillemot | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 16 |
| Herring gull | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 16 |
| Leach's storm-petrel | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 16 |
| Shag | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 15 |
| Sandwich tern | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 15 |
| Great black-backed gull | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 15 |
| Roseate tern | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
| Common tern | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 14 |
| Arctic skua | 3 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 14 |
| Black-legged kittiwake | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 14 |
| Black guillemot | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 13 |
| Common eider | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 13 |
| Common gull | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 13 |
| Little tern | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
| Slavonian grebe | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
| Sooty shearwater | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 12 |
| Common scoter | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 12 |
| Common goldeneye | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| Black-headed gull | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| White-tailed eagle | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 12 |
| Greater scaup | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 11 |
| Velvet scoter | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 11 |
| Great cormorant | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 11 |
| Little auk | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 9 |
| Long-tailed duck | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 |
| Great-crested grebe | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
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