Ukraine - A Warm Scots Future: equality impact assessment
The equality impact assessment considers the impacts of the 'A Warm Scots Future' policy paper on equality and the protected characteristics of displaced people from Ukraine. It builds on, and should be read alongside the Fairer Scotland duty summary and the child rights and wellbeing impact assessment.
Stage 2: Data and evidence gathering, involvement and consultation
Include here the results of your evidence gathering (including framing exercise), including qualitative and quantitative data and the source of that information, whether national statistics, surveys or consultations with relevant equality groups.
Protected Characteristic: AGE
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Age Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
The highest proportion of both male (70%) and female (78%) applicants has been in the ‘18 to 64’ age group, for those with a Scottish sponsor (individual and Scottish Government) since March 2022. Please note that age and sex demographics are extracted from the visa application form, and will reflect the individual’s travel documentation and their age when first arriving to the UK under the Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme.
Up to 30 September 2023, 23% of displaced people from Ukraine who arrived in the UK on a visa with a Scottish sponsor (Scottish Government and Individual) were aged under 18, 74% were aged 18-64 and 3% were aged 65 and over.
Between March 2022 to September 2023 across the UK, the most common age bracket for Ukrainian nationals in employment across both genders was 35-44 with 30% of individuals in this age range having been employed at some point. This is followed by those aged 25-34 with 28% of individuals having been employed.
Across the UK, the most common age bracket for Ukrainian females in employment was 35-44 (31% of individuals) and the most common age bracket for males in employment was 25-34 (32% of individuals) between March 2022 and September 2023.
Following a Scottish Government survey of local authorities, data indicates that as of 29 September 2023, 2,843 Ukrainian children were enrolled in primary and secondary schools across Scotland.
Source
Analysis of Ukrainian nationals entering employment in the UK - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
Pupils displaced from Ukraine | Tableau Public
Data gaps identified and action taken
These demographics were published by DLUHC up to 30 September 2023.
This is a quarterly release.
Analysis used throughout this paper on the number of Ukrainian nationals in employment in the UK was released by DLUHC and HMRC on 23 November 2023.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Ukrainian Population
According to data available on Statista website, as of 01 January 2022, out of a total population of nearly 41 million in Ukraine, the number of people younger than 18 years was approximately 7.3 million (18%). The adult population aged 18 years and older amounted to almost 33.6 million (82%), of which, 10 million (30%) were aged 60 years and older.
Source
Ukraine population by age 2022 | Statista
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
Scotland’s population is aging with an increasing number of people in older age groups compared with previous decades.
In 2021, 17% of Scotland’s population were aged between 0 and 15 years old, while 20% of Scotland’s population were 65 years of age and older.
The proportion of 16-64 year olds was estimated at 64% in 2021.
Source
Mid-2021 Population Estimates Scotland | National Records of Scotland
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish population – age and location
More rural council areas tend to have an older age profile. Dumfries and Galloway, and Na h-Eileanan Siar had the highest proportion of people aged 65+ at 27%, in mid-2021. These were followed by Argyll and Bute, South Ayrshire and Scottish Borders at 26% each, and Orkney and Angus at 25% each in mid-2021.
Scotland’s cities have the lowest proportion of people aged 65+. Glasgow City had the lowest proportion in mid-2021, at 14%, followed by City of Edinburgh (15%) and Aberdeen City (16%).
Source
Mid-2021 Population Estimates Scotland, NRS - Mid-2021 Population Estimates Scotland | National Records of Scotland (nrscotland.gov.uk)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish population – age and employment
In 2021, 2,601,800 people (aged 16 and over) were estimated to be in employment in Scotland. The employment rate (16 to 64 year olds) was estimated at 73.2 per cent. This is lower than in 2019 (74.8 per cent) and below the UK rate of 74.7 per cent.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
Data on the number of Ukrainian nationals in employment in the UK is released by DLUHC and HMRC. Additionally, having an indication of employment statistics relating to age in Scotland can help in directing employability support.
It is worth noting that the data provided for Scottish population cover periods prior to COVID-19 and so may not be representative of the current landscape.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish population – age, employment and location
In 2021, the highest employment rate estimates for 16 to 24 year olds were seen in North Lanarkshire (70.0 per cent), Renfrewshire (67.4 per cent), and Highland (65.6 per cent).
The lowest employment rate estimates for 16 to 24 year olds were seen in Perth and Kinross (36.2 per cent), East Renfrewshire and Scottish Borders (both 39.6 per cent), and Fife (40.0 per cent).
In 2021, the highest employment rate estimates for those aged 50 and over were seen in Aberdeen City (50.1 per cent), Na h-Eileanan Siar (46.4 per cent), and East Lothian (45.2 per cent).
The lowest employment rate estimates for those aged 50 and over were seen in North Ayrshire (32.2 per cent), East Dunbartonshire (33.8 per cent), and Fife (34.9 per cent).
The local authorities with the highest employment rate for those aged 50 years and over were: Shetland Islands (57.8 per cent), Orkney Islands (46.7 per cent) and Highland (45.8 per cent).
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
Data on the number of Ukrainian nationals in employment in the UK is released by DLUHC and HMRC. Additionally, having an indication of employment statistics relating to age in different areas of Scotland can help in directing employability support.
It is worth noting that the data provided cover periods prior to COVID-19 and so may not be representative of the current landscape.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish population – age, employment and sex
In 2021, 1,277,500 women aged 16 years and over were estimated to be in employment in Scotland. This was 23,000 lower than the number of women employed in 2019 (pre-pandemic). The employment rate (16 to 64 year olds) for women was estimated at 70.7 per cent. This was 1.1 percentage point lower than 2019 (71.7 per cent).
1,324,300 men aged 16 years and over were estimated to be in employment in 2021, 39,100 less compared with 2019. The employment rate (16 to 64 year olds) for men was estimated to have decreased from 78.0 per cent in 2019 to 75.8 per cent in 2021. This represents a statistically significant decrease since 2019.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
Data on the number of Ukrainian nationals in employment in the UK is released by DLUHC and HMRC. Additionally, having an indication of employment statistics relating to age and sex in Scotland can help in directing employability support.
Protected Characteristic: DISABILITY
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Disability Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
Over three-quarters (76%) of respondents to the ONS survey reported their physical health as "good or very good", and 75% marked their mental health as "good or very good" between 27 April to 15 May 2023.
Around 15% of adults reported a physical or mental health condition or illness lasting or expected to last 12 months or more.
In comparison to the ONS results, we could refer to a survey of the Ukrainian population as a whole, conducted by their health authorities which shows a 33% prevalence of PTSD and a 54% prevalence of depression symptoms.
Another Ukrainian survey found PTSD prevalence at 62.2% for those who left Ukraine.
Both Ukrainian surveys rely upon clinical assessment rather than self-reporting.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
ONS survey of visa holders entering the UK under the Ukraine Humanitarian Schemes provides an insight into self-reported health of Ukrainian respondents.
However, it is important to note that the nature of self-reporting itself is not entirely reliable, especially when evaluating mental wellbeing. Many displaced people from Ukraine do not wish to highlight the extent of any negative mental wellbeing issues in order to avoid appearing that they are “complaining”.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
According to the Scottish Health Survey (2021 edition), almost half of all adults reported living with a long-term condition in 2021. A third (34%) said they had a long-term condition which limited their day-to-day activities.
Additional costs associated with disabilities vary in level and nature, affecting drivers of poverty for this group. This can include having access to specialist foods needed to manage some disabilities.
In December 2022, Citizens Advice Scotland published data on the impact of the cost of living crisis for people living with a disability or long term health condition which indicated that 15% have to cook specific meals and may face higher costs.
Source
The Scottish Health Survey 2021 - volume 1: main report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Citizen's Advice Scotland warns of hidden cost of living crisis facing disabled Scots | STV News
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Disability and Age
On 31 July 2022, 12,596 children were looked after in Scotland and, 696 young people in Scotland were in continuing care – up 24% on 31 July 2021.
In 2022, the Scottish Health Survey (SHeS) 48% of the adult population reported living with a long-term health condition. Of these women more likely (52%) to report having such a condition than men (48%). 10% of adults described their general health as ‘bad’ or ‘very bad’.
93% of children described their general health as ‘good’ or ‘very good’. 2% of children described their general health as ‘bad’ or ‘very bad’.
Source
Children's Social Work Statistics Scotland: 2021 to 2022 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
The Scottish Health Survey 2022 – volume 1: main report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
A small number of displaced people from Ukraine who were interviewed had travelled with a disabled family member. Some interviewees remarked on Scotland’s inclusivity of those with additional support needs. Those who had a school-aged child had found schools to be accessible and supportive of their child’s support needs. Challenges were mentioned relating to accessing free travel for carers, timely receipt of PIP, and access to after school activities for disabled children.
Source
Views expressed by hosts and guests in interviews conducted in late 2022 and early 2023 and summarised in the following document: Footnotes - People displaced from Ukraine - interviews: summary report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Protected Characteristic: SEX
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Sex Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
The largest proportion of the Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme (individual and SG) applications, visas issued, and arrivals were from female applicants in the period 18 March 2022 to 30 September 2023.
Visa Applicants
Male: 42%
Female: 58%
Visas Issued
Male: 42%
Female: 58%
Arrivals
Male: 40%
Female: 60%
As of September 2023, across the UK, around 73% of Ukrainian nationals in employment were female and around 27% were male. In Scotland, the gender split is slightly narrower compared to the UK split with 66% female and 34% male as of September 2023. While the data set published covers period between March 2022 and September 2023 across the UK, some of the data for March 2022 has not been provided for Scotland to protect taxpayer confidentiality.
Most of the interviewees from Ukraine were female. Those that had travelled alone with dependents under the age of 18 were more likely to report challenges accessing appropriate accommodation (particularly in terms of size and privacy to comfortably accommodate the family unit) and challenges accessing employment, either due to lack of childcare/lack of part time or sufficiently flexible options, or due to their level of English language proficiency, which they were finding it challenging to improve due to challenges accessing English language training due to lack of options for childcare.
Source
Analysis of Ukrainian nationals entering employment in the UK - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
Views expressed by hosts and guests in interviews conducted in late 2022 and early 2023 and summarised in the following document: Footnotes - People displaced from Ukraine - interviews: summary report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Data gaps identified and action taken
These demographics were published by DLUHC up to 30 September 2022.
In addition, analysis of Ukrainian nationals in employment in the UK was released by DLUHC and HMRC on 23 November 2023.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Sex and Age – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
The highest proportion of both male (70%) and female (78%) applicants has been in the ’18 to 64’ age group, for those with a Scottish sponsor (individual and Scottish Government) since March 2022. 26% of male applicants were under 18 and 2% were 65 and over. 18% of female applicants were under 18 and 3% were 65 and over.
The highest proportion of both male (70%) and female (78%) visas issued has been in the ’18 to 64’ age group, for those with a Scottish sponsor (individual and Scottish Government) since March 2022. 28% of males were under 18 and 2% were 65 and over. 19% of females were under 18 and 3% were 65 and over.
The highest proportion of both male (68%) and female (78%) arrivals in the UK has been in the ’18 to 64’ age group, for those with a Scottish sponsor (individual and Scottish Government) since March 2022. 30% of male arrivals were under 18 and 2% were 65 and over. 18% of female arrivals were under 18 and 3% were 65 and over.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
These demographics were published by DLUHC up to 30 September 2023.
This is intended to be a quarterly release.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
The estimate of Scotland's population (on 30 June 2021) is 5,479,900.
Scotland had a relatively even split between sexes in 2021, with 51% women and 49% men, although this varied amongst age groups.
Source
Mid-2021 Population Estimates Scotland Mid-2021 Population Estimates Scotland | National Records of Scotland (nrscotland.gov.uk)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Sex and Age
As at 30 June 2021, 64% of Scotland’s population were aged 16 to 64, followed by 20% of those aged 65 and over, and 17% of those aged 0 to 15.
Overall, males account for 49% of all ages of Scotland’s population, whereas females account for 51%. There is a higher ratio of females to males in older ages, reflecting the longer female life expectancy.
On 31st July 2022, of the estimated 12,596 children who started to be looked after in Scotland, 55 per cent were male and 45 per cent were female.
Source
Mid-2021 Population Estimates Scotland
Children’s Social Work Statistics Scotland 2021-22 Supporting documents - Children's Social Work Statistics Scotland: 2021 to 2022 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scotland’s Gender Index Scores
Scotland’s Gender Equality Index is designed to represent gender equality numerically, with a score of one indicating no gender equality and a score of 100 indicating full gender equality. Scotland’s baseline score for 2023 is 79, which indicates there is some way to go before full gender equality is reached.
Work domain: 79
Money domain: 93
Time domain: 84
Knowledge domain: 81
Power domain: 56
Health domain: 99
Source
Scotland’s Gender Equality Index 2023 Scotland’s Gender Equality Index 2023 (data.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Sex and Employment
The employment rate for men was estimated at 75.8% in 2021. The employment rate (16 to 64 year olds) for women was lower, estimated at 70.7% in 2021.
In 2021, 1,277,500 women aged 16 years and over were estimated to be in employment in Scotland. This was 23,000 lower than the number of women employed in 2019 (pre-pandemic). The employment rate (16 to 64 year olds) for women was estimated at 70.7%. This was 1.1% lower than 2019 (71.7%).
1,324,300 men aged 16 years and over were estimated to be in employment in 2021, 39,100 less compared with 2019. The employment rate (16 to 64 year olds) for men was estimated to have decreased from 78% in 2019 to 75.8% in 2021. This represents a statistically significant decrease since 2019.
The gender employment gap increased from 4.7% in 2020 to 5.1% in 2021. However, the 2021 gap is smaller than the gap of 6.3% in 2019. This is the second smallest gap in the calendar series behind 2020.
Source
Scotland's Labour Market Trends - March 2023 (www.gov.scot)
Protected Characteristic: SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
None
Data gaps identified and action taken
This data is not being collected
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
Around one in fifty (1.7%) adults reported their sexual orientation as gay or lesbian in 2019 Scottish Household Survey.
According to a recent UK study by Office for National Statistics, around 5% of the Scotland’s population aged 16 years and over identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual or other in 2022. Around 95% of adults self-identified as straight or heterosexual.
Source
Scottish Household Survey 2019
Sexual orientation, UK - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) Table 1b
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Sexual Orientation and Discrimination
In 2019 adults who identified themselves as ‘gay, lesbian or bisexual’ were more likely to have experienced discrimination in the previous 12 months (22%) compared to only 7% of heterosexual or straight adults in Scotland.
LGB adults were also more likely to have experienced harassment (16 per cent) than heterosexual or straight adults (6 per cent) in Scotland.
Additionally, as reported in 2018, 41% of trans men and trans women in the UK responding to a Stonewall survey said they had experienced a hate crime or incident because of their gender identity in the last 12 months.
Source
Scottish Household Survey 2019
Trans people in the UK (publishing.service.gov.uk)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Sexual Orientation and Employment
In 2019, people who identified as 'LGB and other' were three times as likely to be unemployed compared to those who identified as 'heterosexual' (6.7% versus 2.2%). It is important to note that a higher proportion of those identifying as 'LGB and other' were in the age groups 16-24 and 25-34, which were also the age groups where unemployment was higher.
Source
Scottish Surveys Core Questions 2019 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Sexual Orientation and Human Rights
Offence aggravation data indicate that in 2021-22, there were 381 convictions in Scottish courts of crime or an offence with an associated sexual orientation aggravation. The number of convictions with a sexual orientation aggravation increased by 49% between 2020-21 and 2021-22, and is 96% higher than in 2012-13 (194 convictions).
Source
Criminal Proceedings in Scotland, 2021-22 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Protected Characteristic: GENDER REASSIGNMENT
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
None
Data gaps identified and action taken
This data is not being collected
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
GIRES estimated that between 0.6% and 1.0% of the population were trans
As of 2011, 12,500 adults in the UK had sought medical interventions related to their gender dysphoria. The number of trans people accessing Gender Identity Clinics each year is increasing.
Source
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Gender Reassignment and Age
Trans people seek medical assistance with their transition at any age. The median age reported in 2009 was 42.
Since the Gender Recognition Act 2004 came into force, 4,910 trans people have been issued a Gender Recognition Certificate in the UK. 12% of trans respondents to the National LGBT survey who had started or completed their transition had successfully obtained one, and 7% of those who knew about them but did not have or had not applied for one said they would not be interested in obtaining one.
Source
Gender Identity Research and Education Society Trans people in the UK (publishing.service.gov.uk)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Gender Reassignment and Human Rights
A 2007 survey of 71 respondents shows that:
- 46% of respondents had previously experienced transphobic abuse in domestic relationships: mostly this took the form of verbal abuse but 17% experienced threatening behaviour; 11% experienced physical abuse and six percent experienced sexual abuse.
- 62% of respondents stated that they had experienced transphobic harassment from strangers in public places who perceived them to be Transgender: mostly this took the form of verbal abuse but 31% experienced threatening behaviour, 17% experienced physical assault and four percent experienced sexual assault.
- Although 38% did not describe experiencing transphobic harassment from strangers, it must be considered that 23% of respondents stated they have never been perceived to be Transgender by any strangers. Therefore, just 15% of respondents had been perceived as Transgender by strangers on one or more occasion but never experienced any transphobic harassment.
- Only 15% of respondents had ever reported any transphobic harassment to the police. Of those 11 respondents, only five stated they were satisfied with the response they received from the police.
Source
Transgender Experiences in Scotland 2008
Data gaps identified and action taken
More recent data would be preferable.
This survey has only a small number of respondents.
Protected Characteristic: RACE
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
The eligibility criteria for the Homes for Ukraine scheme requires applicants to be a Ukrainian national, or the immediate family member of a Ukrainian national. As at 27 February 2024, there have been 26,705 arrivals to Scotland under the scheme with a Scotland based sponsor.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
The data collected does not directly reflect the race or ethnicity of those arriving under the Homes for Ukraine visa scheme. No data is collected on the racial demographics of those arriving in the UK under the Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
In 2019, the largest ethnic group in Scotland was 'White Scottish' at 75.9%
Other white ethnicities made up 19.3%, Asian (including Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British) was 2.9%, and all other ethnic groups (including categories within the 'Mixed or Multiple Ethnic Group', ‘African’, ‘Caribbean or Black’, and ‘Other Ethnic Group’ sections) made up 1.8% of Scotland’s population.
In Scotland, official statistics covering 2017-22, indicate that people from non-white minority ethnic groups were more likely to be in relative poverty after housing costs compared to those from the 'White - British' and 'White - Other' groups.
The poverty rate was 49% for the 'Asian or Asian British' ethnic groups and 48% for 'Mixed, Black or Black British and Other' ethnic groups (no population estimates available due to the small sample).The poverty rate amongst the 'White - Other' group was 23% (80,000 people) and that of the 'White British' group was 18% (860,000 people).
Source
Supporting documents - Scottish Surveys Core Questions 2019
Poverty and Inequality in Scotland – 2019-2022
Poverty and Income Inequality in Scotland 2019-22 (data.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Race and Age
Of the 92,182 children registered for funded Early Learning and Childcare in 2023, 9,930 (11%) were recorded as having a home language other than English, Scots, Gaelic or Sign Language. This is an increase from 10% in 2022.
Source
Summary statistics for schools in Scotland 2023 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Race and Discrimination
In 2019 minority ethnic adults were more likely to have experienced discrimination in the previous 12 months (19%) compared to white adults (7%).
Minority ethnic adults were also more likely to have experienced harassment (17%) than adults from 'White' ethnic groups (6%).
Source
Scottish Household Survey 2019
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Race and Employment
In 2021 the employment rate for the minority ethnic population aged 16-64 was 62.1% which is lower than the white population with an employment rate of 73.9%.
The minority ethnic employment gap (difference between the employment rates for white and minority ethnic people) was 11.7%, higher than the gap in 2020 (9.7%), but lower than 2019 (16.4%)
Source
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Race, Employment & Sex
In 2021, the ethnicity employment rate gap for women was estimated at 23.1%. While the gap for men was estimated at -1.5%. A negative ethnicity employment rate gap is where the rate for the minority ethnic group is higher than the rate for the white group.
Source
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Race, Employment & Age
In 2021, the ethnicity employment rate gap was largest for those aged 16 to 24 (19.6%) followed by those aged 25 to 34 (18.9%). The gap for 35 to 49 year olds was 17.9% and the gap for those aged 50 to 64 was 8.4%.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
Estimates for 16 to 24 year olds are based on small sample sizes. They may be less precise and users should be cautious when quoting them.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – English Language Skills
According to Census 2011, 93% of people aged 3 and over in Scotland reported that they used only English at home. Around 4% of people aged 3 and over reported that they used a language other than English at home. Around 98.6% of people aged 3 and over in Scotland were reported to speak English well or very well, and 1.4% of people were reported as being unable to speak English well or at all in 2011.
Source
Search | Scotland’s Census - Area Overview - Results for 2011 (scotlandscensus.gov.uk)
Languages | Scotland's Census (scotlandscensus.gov.uk)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Ukrainian Population – Spoken Languages
The major language is Ukrainian, spoken by 67% of the population, while the second most common language is Russian, spoken by 24% of the total population. The remaining 9% is comprised of various other languages.
Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme – English Language Skills
ONS survey of visa holders entering the UK under the Ukraine Humanitarian Schemes estimated that of respondents based in Scotland:
46% of survey respondents in Scotland considered themselves fluent or said they can speak a fair amount of English, while 51% said they can speak a little English or say just a few words.
54% of survey respondents in Scotland said they can read and understand most things or a fair amount in English, while 40% said they can read and understand some simple sentences or some basic words and phrases in English.
39% of survey respondents in Scotland said they can write most things or a fair amount in English, while 53% said they can write some simple sentences or basic words in English.
A previous ONS survey, reported that three-quarters (75%) of adults felt that their overall English has significantly or moderately improved since coming to the UK.
Source
Ukraine Population 2023 (Live) (worldpopulationreview.com)
Data gaps identified and action taken
ONS survey of visa holders entering the UK under the Ukraine Humanitarian Schemes provides an insight into self-reported language skills.
Protected Characteristic: RELIGION OR BELIEF
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
As per the findings reported in the ONS UK Humanitarian outcomes survey, conducted over a two week period between 27 February to 13 March 2023, 30% of all respondents to survey attended a place of worship in the last 30 days.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
ONS survey of visa holders entering the UK under the Ukraine Humanitarian Schemes provides an insight into self-reported measures. This data is not available at Scotland level.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Ukrainian Population
The people in Ukraine are known to be from several religious affiliations. The most common ones include - the Kiev Patriarchy Orthodox Church, the Moscow Patriarchate Orthodox Church, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, Protestant churches, the Roman Catholic Church, Islam, and Jewish - and some other minority religions as well.
Source
Ukraine Population 2022 (Live) (worldpopulationreview.com)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
In 2019, Christians (Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic and Other Christian) represented 42.5% of the adult population, whereas 53.7% of respondents reported no religion.
Religious belonging in Scotland has been declining over the past decade, and this trend continued into 2019; over half of adults (56%) reported that they
didn’t belong to any religion, 4% more than in 2018. The proportion reporting that they didn’t belong to any religion a decade previously in 2009 was just 40%.
Source
Scotland’s People Annual Report 2019 (www.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Religion / Belief and Discrimination
In 2019, adults belonging to the Church of Scotland were least likely to have experienced discrimination in the previous 12 months (4%).
In contrast, 10% of Roman Catholics, and 9% of other Christians had experienced discrimination.
Adults belonging to religions other than Christianity were most likely to have experienced discrimination (24%).
Source
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Religion / Belief and Employment
In 2021, the highest employment rates were seen for those with no religious beliefs (74.7%) followed by Christians (72.3%), Other religion (68.7%), Hindus (68.4%), Buddhists (66.5%), and Muslims (46.5%). The employment rate for Scotland as a whole was 73.2%.
Over the year, there were decreases in the employment rates for all religious groups except for the employment rate for Buddhists which increased 3.4% since 2019.
Source
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Religion / Belief and Human Rights
There were 151 convictions with the religious aggravation. The increase in convictions with a religion aggravation was 22% between 2020-21 and 2021-22, but is 44% lower than in 2012-13 (272 convictions).
Source
Criminal Proceedings in Scotland, 2021-22 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Protected Characteristic: PREGNANCY AND MATERNITY
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Demographics – Homes for Ukraine Sponsorship Scheme
As per the latest findings reported in the ONS UK Humanitarian outcomes survey, conducted between 27 April – 15 May 2023, 36% of visa holders entering the UK under the Ukraine Humanitarian Schemes live with dependent children. A previous ONS survey (conducted between 27 February to 13 March) reported that, of those living with dependent children, 49% reported that their current childcare responsibilities limit their ability to take up work in the UK. Of those whose childcare responsibilities limit their ability to take up work, 78% stated that this is because they can only work part-time.
Source
Data gaps identified and action taken
ONS survey of visa holders entering the UK under the Ukraine Humanitarian Schemes provides an insight into self-reported household composition and dependents. This data is not available at Scotland level.
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population
There were 46,959 births in Scotland in 2022 which is 2% lower than in 2021 but slightly higher than the lowest number ever recorded (46,809 in 2020).
Scotland’s total fertility rate has fallen to its lowest ever level at 1.28%, down from 1.30% last year. For a population to replace itself this rate needs to be around 2.1%.
Source
Annual births, deaths, marriages and other vital events, Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Pregnancy / Maternity and Age
Women aged 30 years and over accounted for over half (59%) of all live births in 2021.
The age of mothers has changed over time. In the 1960s, mothers in their twenties were the most common age-groups. From the mid-1970s onwards, births to mothers in their thirties began to increase and the 30-34 age-group is now the most common. The birth rate among mothers under 20 has fallen over time and is now the age group with the lowest birth rate, but rose a little in the latest year 2022.
In 2016, there were 4,622 pregnancies in young women aged under 20.
- 66% were in those aged 18 and 19
- 5% were in those aged under 16
Of the 4,622 conceptions in young women aged under 20 in 2016, 43% ended in termination (increasing to 47% in those aged under 18 and 55% in those aged under 16), although the latest ISD statistics show that there has been a significant decline in the number of terminations in the under 20s over the last decade.
Source
Annual births, deaths, marriages and other vital events, Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)
Pregnancy and parenthood in young people: second progress report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Evidence gathered and Strength/quality of evidence
Scottish Population – Pregnancy / Maternity & Socio-Economic Status
The absolute gap in teenage pregnancy rates between the most and least deprived is narrowing. Rates of pregnancy have reduced across all levels of deprivation in recent years, with those in the most deprived areas falling more.
However, those living in areas of highest deprivation still have pregnancy rates five times higher than those in the least deprived.
Source
Pregnancy and parenthood in young people: second progress report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
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