Scottish household survey 2018: annual report
Results from the 2018 edition of the continuous survey based on a sample of the general population in private residences in Scotland.
Footnotes
2. www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/monitoring-and-assessment/code-of-practice/
3. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationAnnual
4. shs@gov.scot 0131 244 1685
5. https://statistics.gov.scot/home
6. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationAnnual/SHSDashboard2017
7. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationQuestionnaire
8. www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationMethodology
9. www.gov.scot/SHSPublications
10. https://www.gov.scot/publications/social-tenants-scotland-2017/
12. http://www.improvementservice.org.uk/benchmarking/
13. climate change Report on Proposals and Policies (RPP) or, as it is more formally known, Low Carbon Scotland https://www2.gov.scot/Resource/0051/00513102.pdf
15. https://data.gov.uk/dataset/957eadbe-43b6-4d8d-b931-8594cb346ecd/national-household-model
17. https://www.theccc.org.uk/
18. Information on the suite of indicators which comprise the performance framework can be found at http://www.nationalperformance.gov.scot
20. https://www2.gov.scot/Resource/0053/00533188.pdf
21. www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/About/scotlandsurveys
23. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/family-resources-survey--2
24. Adults who are household members but have been living away for the previous six months are excluded from the selection of the random adult. Children and students living away during term time are counted as household members but are excluded from the random adult and random school child selection.
25. Where the same person completes both parts one and two (i.e. they are both the household respondent and selected as the random adult) the CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing) script does not repeat the questions common to both sections. This means that these respondents are not asked for the same information twice.
26. www.gov.scot/SHSPublications
27. See Annex 2: Glossary – Household Members
28. In SHS 2018, the question on gender was non-binary and included ‘Identified in another way’ and ‘Refused’ responses in addition to ‘Man’ and ‘Woman’. In previous years the question on gender was binary, i.e. only two response options were provided to respondents: ‘Male’ and ‘Female’.
29. The question on long-term physical or mental health condition asks: “Do you have a physical or mental health condition or illness lasting or expected to last 12 months or more?” Long-term conditions were defined as a physical or mental health condition or illness lasting, or expected to last, 12 months or more. The wording of this question changed in 2014 and is now aligned with the harmonised questions for all large Scottish Government surveys. A long-term condition was defined as limiting if the respondent reported that it limited their activities in any way.
30. In years prior to 2018 the question on gender was binary, i.e. only two response options were provided to respondents: ‘Male’ and ‘Female’, therefore no time series data is available for ‘Identified in another way’ and ‘Refused’.
In 2018 the ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ responses were reworded to ‘Man’ and ‘Woman’.
‘Identified in another way’ and ‘Refused’ data has been rounded to one decimal place and is not equal to zero.
31. Please note that the Scottish Household Survey is not the preferred source of income data. Income data in the SHS is mainly collected to be used to explain other results. The official source of income statistics for Scotland is the Family Resource Survey (FRS), available at http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Social-Welfare/IncomePoverty.
Modeled local level household income estimates provide the best source of income data at a sub-Scotland level, available at: http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Built-Environment/Housing/supply-demand/chma/statistics
32. Housing and Regeneration Outcomes Framework http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/partnerstories/HARO
34. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Housing-Regeneration/HSfS
35. Household estimates are from National Records of Scotland: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/households/household-estimates
36. See MHCLG Live table 107 at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/live-tables-on-dwelling-stock-including-vacants for estimates of dwellings by tenure prior to the start of the Scottish Household Survey time series in 1999.
37. Statistics on sales of social housing are available at https://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Housing-Regeneration/HSfS/Sales
38.Please note the chart excludes 'other' tenure
39. Note that these estimates differ to the estimated stock of dwellings by tenure figures presented in annual Housing Statistics for Scotland publications. Housing Statistics for Scotland estimates focus on the number of dwellings each year as at March and use separately collected figures on social rent stock.
Household estimates are from National Records of Scotland. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/households/household-estimates
Note that during 2003, Dumfries and Galloway, Glasgow and Scottish Borders transferred their local authority social rented housing stock to housing associations. Following this, Argyll & Bute and Na h-Eileanan Siar transferred their stock in late 2006, and Inverclyde transferred its stock in December 2007.
40. See NRS Population Estimates time-series data at https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates/population-estimates-time-series-data
41. NRS Census 2011 Analytical Report on composition for specific groups of people in Scotland http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/analytical_reports/HHper cent20report.pdf
42. Note that the figures provided in this table are based on the random adult part of the survey, and therefore reflect characteristics of adults within households rather than the entire household.
43. Columns may not add up to 100 due to multiple answers allowed
44. Columns may not add up to 100 due to multiple answers allowed
45. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2014/14/contents/enacted
46. Further explanation of the interview structure is contained in the Introduction to the Survey
47. National Records of Scotland, Population Estimates Scotland http://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population
48. Note that changes were made to the 2017 SHS questions on housing lists with the aim to better capture households who are using choice based lettings when seeking social housing. This may have also affected comparisons over time, and therefore some caution should be used when comparing the 2017 results to earlier years
49. Note that changes were made to the 2017 SHS questions on housing lists with the aim to better capture households who are using choice based lettings when seeking social housing. This may have also affected comparisons over time, and therefore some caution should be used when comparing the 2017 results to earlier years. The estimated share of households on a housing list has been calculated based on responses from the random adult but weighted to make it representative of households. This methodology is likely to slightly under-estimate the true figure due to assumptions which are discussed in Annex 2: Glossary.
50. Housing Statistics for Scotland http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Housing-Regeneration/HSfS/HousingLists
51. https://www.gov.scot/policies/private-renting/private-tenancy-reform/
52. Or adults, where the characteristic reflects the random adult in the household who is interviewed.
54. National performance indicators: https://nationalperformance.gov.scot/measuring-progress/national-indicator-performance
55. As defined by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation – see Annex 2: Glossary
56. Calculation based on unrounded data
57. Calculation based on unrounded data
58. Calculations based on unrounded data
59. Calculation based on unrounded data
60. As defined by the Scottish Government’s strategy for tackling social isolation and loneliness and building stronger social connections.
61. Calculation based on unrounded data
62. Calculation based on unrounded data
63. Calculation based on unrounded data
64. Calculation based on unrounded data
66. Discrimination was defined in the survey as: occasions when you felt you were treated unfairly or with less respect than other people because of your age, gender, ethnic group, religion, disability, sexual orientation or for sectarian or other reasons.
Harassment was defined in the survey as: occasions when you have felt intimidated, threatened or disturbed because of your age, gender, ethnic group, religion, disability, sexual orientation or for sectarian or other reasons.
67. Caution around the precision and significance of findings should be exercised when interpreting percentages with low base numbers as results derived from a relatively small number of individuals have large margins of error around them and are subject to large fluctuations based on the experiences of only a few people. This is particularly important when considering trends over time or comparing experiences of different population groups.
68. Questions do not take into account relative risk of the location of the household.
69. Scotland's Economic Strategy (March 2015) http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/03/5984
70. See chapter 1 for further information on the survey design
71. www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Labour-Market
72. Data for those who responded to the question on gender as “identified in another way” or “refused” are not included in the figure as the base numbers included in this breakdown are too low and the data has been suppressed.
73. In the SHS 2018, the question on gender was non-binary and included “Identified in another way” and “Refused” responses. In previous years the question on gender was binary, i.e. only two response options were provided to respondents: male and female. Data for those who responded to the question on gender as “identified in another way” or “refused” are not included in the figure as the base numbers included in this breakdown are too low and the data has been suppressed.
74. Data for those who responded to the question on gender as “identified in another way” or “refused” are not included in the figure as the base numbers included in this breakdown are too low and the data has been suppressed.
75. https://www.gov.scot/publications/fairer-scotland-action-plan/
76. https://www.gov.scot/publications/fairer-scotland-action-plan-progress-report-2018/
77. https://www.gov.scot/publications/child-chance-tackling-child-poverty-delivery-plan-2018-22/
79. This question was only asked between January and March in 2003.
80. For the full definition, please see the Annex 2: Glossary.
81. Occupational pensions, other investments and other non-earned income, such as maintenance payments or student grants.
82. In the SHS 2018, the question on gender was non-binary and included “Identified in another way” and “Refused” responses. In previous year’s the question on gender was binary, i.e. only two response options were provided to respondents: male and female.
83. The SIMD is a relative measure of deprivation across small areas in Scotland. For more details see Annex 2: Glossary
84. Based on the most recent available SIMD measure for each year: SIMD06, SIMD09, SIMD12 and SIMD16.
85. Scottish Household Survey 2017 (Sept 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-people-annual-report-results-2017-scottish-household-survey/pages/8/
86. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/7843
87. As defined by the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.
88. Dashed lines denote updates to SIMD measure
89. Scottish Household Survey 2017 (Sept 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-people-annual-report-results-2017-scottish-household-survey/pages/8/
90. Calculations based on unrounded data
91. Data for the ‘Other’ tenure category has been suppressed due to low base numbers
92. Scottish Household Survey 2017 (Sept 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-people-annual-report-results-2017-scottish-household-survey/pages/8/
93. Scottish Household Survey 2017 (Sept 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-people-annual-report-results-2017-scottish-household-survey/pages/8/
94. Scottish Household Survey 2017 (Sept 2018) https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-people-annual-report-results-2017-scottish-household-survey/pages/8/
95. See: https://www.gov.scot/publications/active-scotland-delivery-plan/
96. See: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-public-health-priorities/
97. Dotted lines indicate where there has been an update to the SIMD measure: SIMD06 SIMD09 SIMD12 SIMD16
98. Dotted lines indicate where there has been an update to the SIMD measure: SIMD06 SIMD09 SIMD12 SIMD16
99. Dotted lines indicate where there has been an update to the SIMD measure: SIMD06 SIMD09 SIMD12 SIMD16
100. Dotted lines indicate where there has been an update to the SIMD measure: SIMD06 SIMD09 SIMD12 SIMD16
101. http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/indicator/PSquality
102. https://nationalperformance.gov.scot/
103. Percentages reported for all three services combined are those for which an opinion was given. Respondents could express no opinion for up to two of the services. While the base minimum has been quoted here (for the three main services) the base size for the composite “satisfaction with all three services” is for the whole adult sample 9,810.
104. See Annex 2: Glossary
105. Users of Local health services not available prior to 2017
Users of Local schools identified by whether there is a school child present in the household
Users of Public transport identified by whether the respondent had used a bus or train within the last month
106. https://www.gov.scot/publications/commission-future-delivery-public-services/
107. http://nationalperformance.gov.scot
108. http://www.improvementservice.org.uk/phone/community-planning-and-single-outcome-agreements.html
109. James Hutton Institute et al (2014) Contribution of Green and Open Space to Public Health and Wellbeing http://www.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/files/projects/GreenHealth-InformationNote7-Contribution-of-green-and-open-space-in-public-health-and-wellbeing.pdf
110. Scottish Government (2014) Scottish Planning Policy - http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0045/00453827.pdf
111. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Built-Environment/planning/National-Planning-Framework
112. Please note that the questions on frequency of use of nearest green or blue space and satisfaction with it are now biennial (asked in odd years only) and so the next available figures will be for 2019, which are expected to be published in 2020.
115. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationAnnual
116. Scottish Land Rights and Responsibilities Statement http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/09/7869
117. Guidance on Engaging Communities in Decisions Relating to Land http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2018/04/2478
118. The question about views on land use decisions is now asked in even years only. The next available data will be for 2020 and published in 2021.
119. 2018 and 2017 data uses the 2016 Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification, 2015 data uses the 2013/14 Scottish Government Urban Rural Classification.
120. Scottish Government (2019) Volunteering for All – National Framework – Literature Review; Volunteer Scotland (2018) Volunteering, Health and Wellbeing.
121. The objective of the Framework is to: set out clearly and in one place a coherent and compelling narrative for volunteering; define the key outcomes desired for volunteering in Scotland over the next 10 years; identify the key data and evidence that will inform, indicate and drive performance at national and local level; and enable informed debate and decision about the optimal combination of programmes, investments and interventions.
122. This is any unpaid help an individual may have given to other people or to improve their local environment, that is apart from any help given through a group, club or organisation (this does not include help given to a relative).
123. A number of terms are used interchangeably to refer to volunteering throughout the chapter (e.g. unpaid help, unpaid work, unpaid activity and voluntary work).
124. In the SHS 2018, the question on gender was non-binary and included “Identified in another way” and “Refused” responses. In previous years the question on gender was binary, i.e. only two response options were provided to respondents: male and female. Data for those who responded to the question on gender as “identified in another way” has been suppressed due to low base numbers.
125. Data for those who responded to the question on gender as “identified in another way” has been suppressed due to low base numbers.
126. Household income in the SHS is that of the highest income householder and their partner only. Includes all adults for whom household income is known or has been imputed. Excludes refusals/don't know responses.
127. Scottish Government (2019) Volunteering for All – National Framework – Literature Review: https://www.gov.scot/publications/literature-review-scotlands-volunteering-outcomes-framework/
128. Scottish Government (2019) Volunteering for All – National Framework – Literature Review
https://www.gov.scot/publications/literature-review-scotlands-volunteering-outcomes-framework/
129. https://www.gov.scot/publications/volunteering-national-framework/
130. National Performance Framework
131. Similarly, figures from 2012 to 2017 are not directly comparable with figures from 2007 and 2011, due to a change of wording in 2012.
132. Scottish Household Survey - Questionnaire
133. Cultural engagement is a composite measure of both cultural attendance and participation. Each of these will be reported on separately in the sections to follow.
134. See the glossary for a definition of “in the last 12 months”.
135. See the glossary for a definition of “in the last 12 months”.
136. “Qualifications not known” have been excluded from this figure.
137. “Qualifications not known” have been excluded from this table.
138. See the glossary for a definition of “in the last 12 months”.
139. Note that the figures from 2018 onwards are not directly comparable with figures from previous years due to changes in the wording of the cultural participation in 2018
140. “Qualifications not known” have been excluded from this figure.
141. “Qualifications not known” have been excluded from this table.
142. See the glossary for a definition of “in the last 12 months”.
143. The SHS question referred to nursery or pre-school. These types of childcare are equivalent and so this chapter will refer to nursery throughout.
144. The statutory entitlement for three-year-olds and two-year-olds (who qualify for the earlier offer) commences from the start of the first term after the child’s 3rd or 2nd birthday, respectively. Education authorities also have discretionary power under section 1(1C) of the 1980 Act to provide additional ELC to any child. A number of education authorities therefore secure earlier commencement dates, including: from a child’s 3rd birthday; from the first term after their 3rd birthday; or certain children before they are three-years-old. More information is available at: https://www.mygov.scot/childcare-costs-help/when-funded-early-learning-and-childcare-can-start/
145. Two-year-olds are entitled to statutory funded ELC if they meet various criteria as set out in the Children and Young People Act 2014 and the Provision of Early Learning and Childcare (Specified Children) (Scotland) Order 2014 (SSI 2014/196). Some local authorities provide discretionary funding for some two-year-olds who do not qualify for the statutory entitlement. More information is available at: https://www.mygov.scot/childcare-costs-help/funded-early-learning-and-childcare/
146. Some local authorities have already started to roll out 1,140 hours. Some respondents to this survey will already be receiving 1,140 hours entitlement. Some local authorities also have discretionary powers to provide funded ELC to children who are not eligible for statutory funded ELC. Further, local authorities have discretion as to whether or not children whose entry to primary school is deferred are entitled to additional ELC funding. In this chapter, ‘funded ELC’ refers to both forms of funding.
147. Further information on the ELC expansion is available at: https://www.gov.scot/policies/early-education-and-care/early-learning-and-childcare/
148. Further information on the ELC Census and SSELC is available at: https://www.gov.scot/policies/early-education-and-care/early-learning-and-childcare/
149. In this chapter, childcare is used as an umbrella term to encompass formal and informal childcare, as well as what is defined as ELC in the Children and Young People’s (Scotland) Act 2014.
150. These statistics can be requested from shs@gov.scot
151. The SHS question referred to nursery or pre-school. These types of childcare are equivalent and so this chapter will refer to nursery throughout.
152. Those eligible for the two year old offer include looked after children and children who are subject to a kinship or guardianship order. It also includes children in families receiving support under part VI of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 and children whose family are in receipt of a ‘qualifying benefit’. Full criteria are available at: https://www.mygov.scot/childcare-costs-help/funded-early-learning-and-childcare/.
153. Aged 4+ includes children aged four and over who have not yet started school.
154. Family centres are not included in the figure as the numbers included in this breakdown are too low.
155. Remote small towns are not included in the figure as the numbers included in this breakdown are too low.
156. A small family is up to two children and a large family is three or more children in the household – see Annex 2 Glossary for more information on household type classification
157. Age 4+ includes four- and five year olds not yet at school.
158. Data from families who use some type of childcare.
159. Data from families who use some type of childcare.
160. Data from those who use some type of childcare
161. Further information on the ELC expansion is available at: https://www.gov.scot/policies/early-education-and-care/early-learning-and-childcare/.
162. Two-year-olds are entitled to statutory funded ELC if they meet various criteria as set out in the Children and Young People Act 2014 and the Provision of Early Learning and Childcare (Specified Children) (Scotland) Order 2014 (SSI 2014/196). Some local authorities provide discretionary funding for some two-year-olds who do not qualify for the statutory entitlement. More information is available at: https://www.mygov.scot/childcare-costs-help/funded-early-learning-and-childcare/.
163. ‘None’ and ‘my child is not entitled to any funded childcare’ are combined in the table because some respondents reported ‘none’ when their child is not entitled to funded childcare
164. ‘None’ and ‘my child is not entitled to any funded childcare’ are combined in the table because some respondents reported ‘none’ when their child is not entitled to funded childcare
165. Responses where the household either refused to say or did not know how much they spent on childcare during school term-time have been excluded from Figure 13.8.
166. Responses where the household either refused to say or did not know how much they spent on childcare during school term-time have been excluded from Figure 13.9.
167. Responses where the household either refused to say or did not know how much they spent on childcare during school term-time have been excluded from Table 13.11.
168. Missing responses are not included within the analysis. Similarly 'don't know/refused' options are not shown as a separate category in some tables.
169. www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/SIMD
170. Numbered 1 (most deprived) to 5 (least deprived).
171. Numbered 1 (most deprived) to 10 (least deprived).
172. More information on the six-fold urban/rural classification of Scotland is available at - www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/About/Methodology/UrbanRuralClassification
173. www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics
174. For further information, please see the SHS Methodology and Fieldwork Outcomes reports: www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationMethodology
175. www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics
176. More information on the definition of NS-SEC can be found at - www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/classifications/current-standard-classifications/index.html
177. More information on household income can be found in Raab, G., MacDonald, C., and Macintyre, C. (2004) Comparison of Income Data between Surveys of Scottish Households: Research report for Communities Scotland. Further information on this report is available on the SHS website.
178. For further information, please see the SHS Methodology and Fieldwork Outcomes reports: www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationMethodology
179.Unpublished, Ipsos Mori.
180. www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/08/26155956
181. www.improvementservice.org.uk/income-modelling-project.html
182. For further details, please see questions RG5A and RG5B in the 2013 SHS questionnaire and RG5 in previous years: www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationQuestionnaire
183. For further information, please see the SHS Methodology and Fieldwork Outcomes reports - www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationMethodology
184. The design factor is calculated as an overall average across a number of variables, and should not be taken as a 'typical' value across all variables. For further information, please see the SHS Methodology and Fieldwork Outcomes reports - www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationMethodology
185. For further information, please see the SHS Methodology and Fieldwork Outcomes report: www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationMethodology
187. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationAnnual/SHSDashboard2017
188. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/PublicationAnnual
189. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/Consultation/2017Consultation/SHS2017response
190. https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/16002/Publications
191. https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000048
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